In arthritis, there are diseases that can mimic arthritis and the diagnosis thereby tends to be wrong, wasting valuable treatment time for the real illness. In Adult Onset Still's Disease similarly there are diseases that can cause similar symptoms. Some of the major mimicry diseases are infections like hepatitis, coxsackie, rubella, parvovirus, EBV (Epstein-Barr virus), HIV (AIDS) and CMV (cytomegalo virus), Infective endocarditis (an infection of the heart tissue), Tuberculosis, Lyme disease, Ehrlichiosis, Sarcoidosis, Hepatitis, Crohn's disease, Cancer, including leukemia and lymphoma and Connective tissue disease, such as SLE (Lupus).
In humans, in diseases of the extremities and diseases that can mimic arthritis, a special form of clubbing is pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, known in continental Europe as Pierre Marie-Bamberger syndrome. (In dogs the condition is known as hypertrophic osteopathy.) This is the combination of clubbing and thickening of periosteum (connective tissue lining of the bones) and synovium (lining of joints), and is often initially diagnosed as arthritis whereas it is commonly associated with lung cancer. Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is HPOA without signs of pulmonary disease. This form has hereditary component, although subtle cardiac abnormalties can sometimes be found. It is known in continental Europe as the Touraine-Solente-Golé syndrome.
Multiple myeloma in diseases that can mimic arthritis (known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease after Otto Kahler too) is a type of cancer of plasma cells which are immune system cells in bone marrow that produce antibodies. Many organs can be affected by myeloma, the symptoms and signs vary greatly. The effect is generally recalled as Calcium – elevated -, R - Renal failure, A - Anemia, B - Bone lesions.Myeloma has so many possible symptoms, and all symptoms could be due to other causes.
Myeloma bone pain usually involves the spine and ribs, and worsens with activity. Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological fracture. Involvement of the vertebrae may lead to spinal cord compression. The breakdown of bone also leads to release of calcium into the blood, leading to hypercalcemia and its associated diseases
Osteoporosis is a disease in diseases that can mimic arthritis in which bones become fragile (mineral bone density decrease) and can break, if not prevented or left untreated. These broken bones, also known as fractures, occur typically in the hip, spine, and wrist. Any bone can be affected, but of special concern are fractures of the hip and spine.
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A hip fracture almost always requires hospitalization and major surgery. Spinal or vertebral fractures also have serious consequences, including loss of height, severe back pain, and deformity. Women are four times more likely than men to develop the disease.
Fifth disease in diseases that can mimic arthritis is one of several possible manifestations of infection by parvovirus B19. The disease is also referred to as erythema infectiosum (meaning infectious redness) and as slapped cheek syndrome, slapcheek, slap face or slapped face. The name "fifth disease" derives from its historical classification as the fifth of the classical childhood skin rashes or exanthems.
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