Multiple myeloma is the cancer plasma cells which are also termed as immune system cells in the bone marrow that produces antibodies. The myeloma is often considered as the incurable. The syndrome can be cured with steroids, chemotherapy, thalidomide and stem cell transplants. The Multiple myeloma is a part of the diseases called as hematological malignancies.
Symptoms of Multiple myeloma:
The symptoms of Multiple myeloma greatly vary because many organs can be affected by the myeloma. The disease has many common symptoms though all these symptoms can emerge due to other causes. Some of the symptoms are as discussed below:
Infection:
Multiple myeloma in some patients is also caused by the pneumonias and pyelonephritis infections. The infection also causes due to immune deficiency resulting from diffuse hypogammaglobulinemia.
Bone pain:
Patient suffering of Multiple myeloma often develop bone pain in the spine and ribs which becomes worse with the performance of any actions. Incessant localized pain sometimes also causes a bone fracture. The pain sometimes involves the vertebrae also causes the spinal cord compression. The Multiple myeloma is a bone disease that usually happens because of the growth of the tumor cells and release of IL-6 which is also called as osteoclast activating factor. The bone wounds are usually disruptive in nature and are often found in plain radiographs.
Renal failure:
Another common symptom of Multiple myeloma is renal fever that often develops acutely and chronically. Sometimes renal fever also attacks due to hypercalcemia. Other causes include tubular damage from emission of light chains, also called Bence Jones proteins.
Neurological symptoms:
Several neurological problems are also developed as the symptoms of Multiple myeloma. Common problems include confusion and fatigue due to hypercalcemia, weakness, visual changes, Headache and retinopathy. In some cases symptoms like radicular pain, loss of bowel or bladder control, carpal tunnel syndrome and other neuropathies are also noticed.
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Treatment of Multiple myeloma:
As a treatment for Multiple myeloma disease control and suppression have usually been focused. If the disease is entirely asymptomatic the treatment in that case differs depending on the severity and the person effected. Other than directly treating the plasma cell proliferation, the bisphosphonates are also provided in order to prevent the fractures and erythropoietin to treat anemia.
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